Pope Leo’s apology over slavery and how the Bible permits it

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Musaazi NAMITI


The Pope’s encyclical is one of the most important types of official letters issued by the head of the Catholic Church. The Pope addresses the encyclical to Catholic bishops around the world, but in practice the letter is often intended for a much wider audience, including non-Catholics.

The one Pope Leo XIV wrote a few days ago focuses on the dangers of artificial intelligence, the subject of many conversations these days. It remains to be seen how the companies behind the numerous AI tools being used today will address the risks.

But for me, another aspect of the encyclical is likely to grab the attention of many people—especially those who have long had issues with religion and the role it has played in some of humanity’s darkest chapters. And that is the Pope’s apology for the church’s historical role in slavery.

Religion is supposed to be a force for good. While in some places it has lived up to the expectations of religious people, in others it has caused untold suffering.

Critics argue that institutions claiming moral authority should be judged not only by their teachings but also by their actions. Add this to the fact that religion relies heavily on dogma and often encourages people to be satisfied with non-answers to some of life’s most important questions and you will see why its critics insist their criticism is justified.

Slavery is arguably the most dehumanising thing that ever happened to the people of Africa. The suffering of the slaves was unspeakable.

The Bible itself, which Christians call the word of God, condoned slavery. Witness Exodus 21:2–6: “If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free…”

Exodus 21:20–21 says: “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.”

Many will say the Pope did the right thing by apologising. But the encyclical runs to 42,300 words. It will be read by very few people. And for those who know the church’s history—not just slavery but child sexual abuse it concealed and enabled—the apology is just a reminder of the church’s skeletons in the closet.


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